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汉服后入C到喷水|「お願い。でないと私ここに座って一晩おいおい泣いてるわよ。そして最初に声かけてきた人と寝ちゃうわよ」

2024-09-19 08:36:11
625

  华尔街见闻

  鲍威尔多次强调,美联储将逐次会议做出决策,不会受到市场对降息预期定价的影响,也不会考虑任何政治因素和议题,而是用“对当时(数据)合适的速度或快或慢地采取(降息)行动”。

  鲍威尔意在强调,首先,美联储官员作出任何降息决策都会感觉当前的经济形势和数据而定,而目前通胀和就业的两大使命之间风险达到均衡,所以是时候开启降息以提振劳动力市场了。

  第二,美联储将逐次会议做出决策,不会受到市场对降息预期定价的影响,也不会考虑任何政治因素和议题,而是用“对当时合适的速度或快或慢地采取行动”。

  第三,鲍威尔不认为大幅降息说明美国经济衰退临近,也不说明就业市场濒临崩溃的边缘,降息更多是一种预防性质的行动,目的是保持住经济和劳动力市场“稳健”的现状。

  第四,他承认非农就业可能下修,但依旧是个值得参考的重要数据点,其他美联储关注的劳动力数据还包括:失业率、就业率、工资增长、职位空缺与失业人数的比值、辞职率等多项指标:

重点是,“问题不在于具体数字的水平几何”,而是在过去几个月情况发生了变化,美国通胀的上行风险确实在下降,就业的下行风险增加,所以现在美联储出手调整政策立场支持就业。

  以下为华尔街见闻整理的鲍威尔9月FOMC大幅降息后记者会问答环节全记录:

  问题1:Strong third quarter GDP running 3% so what changed to made the committee go 50. Andhow do you respond to the concerns that perhaps it shows the Fed is more concerned about the labor market, and I guess should we expect more 50s in the months ahead? And based on what should we make that call?

  第三季度美国GDP预计强劲增长3%,那么是什么变化让美联储决定降息50个基点?这是否可能表明美联储更担心劳动力市场,未来也会继续每次降息50个基点?我们应该根据什么做出这一判断?

  回答1:

  Let me jump in. So since the last meeting, we have had a lot of data come in. We‘ve had the two employment reports July and August. We’ve also had two inflation reports, including one that came in during blackout. We had the QCW report, which suggests that the payroll report numbers that we‘re getting may be artificially high and will be revised down. You know that we’ve also seen that anecdotal data like the Beige Book, so we took all of those, and we went into blackout, and we thought about what to do, and we cleared that this was the right thing for the economy, for the people that we serve, and that‘s how we made our decision. So that’s one question.

  自上次会议以来,我们收到了很多数据,有7月和8月的两份非农就业报告,还有两份通胀报告,其中一份是在美联储官员静默期内发布的。还有QCW报告表明我们非农新增就业数可能被人为抬高,将会被下调。我们也看到了像美联储褐皮书这样的轶事数据,所以我们收集了所有这些数据,然后进入公开发言的静默期,我们思考该怎么做,并明确了这对经济、对我们服务的美国人民来说是正确的,这就是我们做出决定的方式。

  So a couple things, a good place to start is the SEP. But let me start with what I said, which was that we‘re going to be making decisions, meeting by meeting, based on the incoming data, the evolving outlook, the balance of risks. If you look at the SEP, you’ll see that it‘s a process of recalibrating our policy stance, away from where we had a year ago, when inflation was high and unemployment low, to a place that’s more appropriate given where we are now and where we expect to be. And that process will take place over time. There‘s nothing in the SEP that suggests the committee is in a rush to get this done. This this process evolves over time.

  (对于未来利率路径的判断),一个好的起点是看经济预测摘要SEP。首先,我们将根据收到的数据、不断变化的前景和风险平衡,在逐次会议上做出决定。看看 SEP你会发现,这是一个重新校准我们政策立场的过程,远离一年前通胀高+失业率低的立场,转向一个更适合当前情况和我们预期的立场。这个过程将随着时间的推移而发生。SEP中没有任何内容表明委员会急于完成(降息)这项工作,这个过程是随着时间的推移而发展的。

  Of course, that‘s a projection. That’s a baseline projection. We know, as I mentioned in my remarks, that the actual things that we do will depend on the way the economy evolves. We can go quicker, if that‘s appropriate, we can go slower if that’s appropriate. We can pause if that‘s appropriate. But that’s what we‘re contemplating. Again, I would point you to the SEP as just an assessment of where, what the committee is thinking today, but the individual members, rather, of the committee, are thinking today, assuming that their particular forecasts take, you know, are realized.

  当然,这只是一个预测。这是一个基线预测。正如我在发言中提到的,我们实际做的事情将取决于经济的发展方式。如果合适,我们可以加快(降息)速度,如果合适,我们可以放慢速度。如果合适,我们可以暂停。但这就是我们正在考虑的。再次,我想指出,SEP只是对委员会今天的想法的评估,而且是委员会的各位成员今天的想法,假设他们特定的预测得以实现。

  问题2: The projections show that the Fed officials expect the Fed funds rate to still be above their estimate of long run neutral by the end of next year. So does that suggest you see rates as restrictive for that entire period? Does that threaten the weakening of the job market you said you‘d like to avoid, or does it suggest that maybe people see the short run neutral as a little bit higher?

  预测显示,美联储官员预计到明年年底联邦基金利率仍将高于他们对长期中性利率的估计。那么这是否意味着您认为利率在整个时期内都是有限制性的?这是否威胁到您所说希望避免的就业市场疲软,是否也意味着人们可能认为短期中性利率会略高一些?

  回答2::

  I would really characterize it as this. I think people write down their estimate. Individuals do. I think every single person on the committee, if you ask them, what‘s your level of certainty around that, and they would say there’s a wide range where that could fall. So I think we don‘t know there are model based approaches and empirically based approaches that estimate what the neutral rate will be at any given time. But realistically, we know it by its works. So that leaves us in a place where we’ll be, where we expect, in the base case, to be continuing to remove restriction, and we‘ll be looking at the way the economy reacts to that, and that will be guiding us in our thinking about the question that we’re asking at every meeting, which is, is our policy stance the appropriate one?

  我真的会这样描述它。这是委员会每个官员个人的预估值,如果你问他们对此的确定程度如何,他们会说,这个范围可能很大。所以我认为我们不知道是否有基于模型的方法和基于经验的方法可以估计任何给定时间的中性利率。但实际上,我们通过它的工作原理来了解它。因此,在基本场景下,我们预计会继续放松货币政策,我们将关注经济对此的反应,这将指导我们思考在每次会议上提出的问题,即我们的政策立场是否合适?

  We know, if you go back, we know that the policy stance we adopted in July of 2023 came at a time when unemployment was three and a half percent and inflation was 4.2%. Today, unemployment is up to 4.2%, inflation is down to a few tenths above 2%, so we know that it is time to recalibrate our policy to Something that is more appropriate given the progress on inflation and on employment moving to a more sustainable level. So the balance of risks are now even, and this is the beginning of that process I mentioned, the direction of which is toward a sense of neutral, and we‘ll move as fast or as slow as we think is appropriate in real time, what you have is our individual accumulation of individual estimates of what that will be in the base case.

  我们知道,如果回顾一下,我们会发现在2023年7月采取的政策立场是在失业率为3.5%和通胀率为 4.2%时采取的。如今,失业率已升至 4.2%,通胀率降至更接近2%,因此我们知道,鉴于通胀和就业向更可持续水平迈进的进展,现在是时候重新调整我们的政策,使其更合适。因此,风险平衡现在已均衡,这是我提到的那个过程的开始,其方向是朝着中立的方向发展,我们将根据我们认为对当时合适的速度或快或慢地采取行动,点阵图是联储官员对基本场景的个人估计值。

  问题3:How close was this in terms of the decision, you do have the first dissent by a governor since 2005 I think was the weight clearly in favor of a 50, or was this a very close decision?

  这是自 2005 年以来第一次有联储理事提出异议,降息50个基点的共识意见有多少?

  回答3:

  I think we had a good discussion. You know, if you go back, I talked about this at Jackson Hole, but I didn‘t address the question of the size of the cut. And I think we left it open going into blackout. And so there was a lot of discussion back and forth. Good diversity of division. Excellent discussion today. I think there was also broad support for the decision that the committee voted on. So I would add, though, look at the SEP all 19 of the participants wrote down multiple cuts this year, all 19. That’s a big change from June, right? 17 of the 19 wrote down three or more cuts, and 10 of the 19 wrote down four more cuts. So, you know, there is a dissent, and there‘s a range of views, but there’s actually a lot of common ground as well.

  我认为我们进行了很好的讨论。我在杰克逊霍尔谈到了这个问题,但我没有回答降息幅度的问题。我认为我们在静默期之前没有解决这个问题。因此,我们进行了大量的讨论。观点有多样性很好。今天的讨论非常精彩。我认为委员会投票通过的决定也得到了广泛的支持。我想补充一点,看看 SEP,所有19名参与者支持今年多次降息,这与6月份相比有很大变化,19人中有17人支持今年降息3 次或更多,有10人支持4次以上的降息。所以,存在不同意见,也有各种观点,但实际上也有很多共同点。

  问题4: on the pacing here, would you expect this to be running every other meeting?

  按照这样的节奏,您是否认为每隔一次会议都会进行这样(大幅降息)的讨论?

  回答4:Once we get into next year, we‘re going to take it meeting by meeting, as I mentioned, we would. There’s no sense that the committee feels it‘s in a rush to do this. We made a good, strong start to this. And that’s really, frankly, a sign of our confidence, confidence in inflation is coming down toward 2% on a sustainable basis. That gives us the ability we can, you know, make a good, strong start. But, and I‘m very pleased that we did to me the logic of this, both from an economic standpoint and also from a risk management standpoint, was clear, but I think we’re going to go carefully meeting by meeting and make our decisions as we go.

  一旦进入明年,我们将逐次会议讨论此事,正如我之前提到的那样。委员会不会急于这样做(降降息)。我们已经取得了良好的开端。坦率地说,这确实表明了我们的信心,相信通胀率将以可持续的方式下降到 2%。这让我们有能力取得良好的开端。但是,我很高兴我们做到了,无论是从经济角度还是从风险管理角度来看,这其中的逻辑都很明确,但我认为我们将在每次会议上都谨慎行事,并随着时间推进做出决定。

  问题5:Your colleagues in your economic projections today see the unemployment rate climbing to 4.4% and staying there, obviously, historically, when the unemployment rate climbs that much over a relatively short period of time, it doesn‘t typically just stop. It continues increasing. And so I wonder if you can walk us through why you see the labor market stabilizing sort of, what’s the mechanism there, and what do you see as the risks?

  您的同事在今天的经济预测中预测失业率将攀升至4.4%并保持在这个水平,显然,从历史上看,当失业率在相对较短的时间内攀升到这个水平时,它通常不会停止,而是会继续上升。所以为什么您认为劳动力市场会趋于稳定,其中的机制是什么,您认为存在哪些风险?

  回答5:

  So again, the labor market is actually in solid condition, and our intention with our policy move today is to keep it there. You can say that about the whole economy. The US economy is in good shape. It‘s growing at a solid pace. Inflation is coming down. The labor market is in a strong pace. We want to keep it there that’s what we‘re doing.

  所以,劳动力市场实际上处于稳健状态,我们今天采取政策举措的目的是保持这种状态。你可以说整个经济都是如此。美国经济状况良好。它正以稳健的速度增,通胀正在下降,劳动力市场发展强劲。我们希望保持这种状态,这就是我们正在做的事情。

  问题6:“新美联储通讯社”Nick Timiraos的提问,鉴于近期就业数据的大幅修正,今天的行动是否构成追赶,或者这次比典型降息幅度更大的降息是政策利率名义水平上升的结果,因此可以预期加速降息的节奏将继续下去?

  回答6:

  multiple questions in every list. So I would say we don‘t think we’re behind. We do not think we‘re. We think this is timely, but I think you can take this as a sign of our commitment not to get behind. So it’s a strong move.

  我们不认为我们落后(于曲线)了。我们认为这是及时的(降息),但我认为你可以把这看作是我们承诺不落后(于曲线)的标志。所以这是一个强有力的举措

  I think it‘s about we come into this with a policy position that was put in place. As you know, I mentioned in July of 2023 which was a time of high inflation and very low unemployment, we’ve been very patient about reducing the policy rate. We‘ve waited. Other central banks around the world have cut many of them several times. We’ve waited, and I think that that patience has really paid dividends in the form of our confidence that inflation is moving sustainably under 2% so I think that is what enables us to take this strong move today.

  我认为,关键在于我们以既定的政策立场来应对这一问题。如你所知,我提到,2023年7月是高通胀和低失业率时期,我们一直非常耐心地等待降低政策利率的时机。我们一直在等待。世界各地的其他央行已经多次降息,但美联储一直在等待,我认为这种耐心确实带来了回报,我们有信心通胀率将持续低于 2%,所以我认为这就是我们今天能够采取这一有力举措的原因。

  I do not think that anyone should look at this and say, Oh, this is the new pace. You know, you have to think about it in terms of the base case. Of course, what happens will happen. So in the base case, what you see is, look at the SEP you see cuts moving along. The sense of this is we‘re recalibrating policy down over time to a more neutral level, and we’re moving at the pace that we think is appropriate given developments in the economy. And the base case, the economy can develop in a way that would cause us to go faster or slower, but that‘s what the base case says.

  我认为,任何人都不应该看到这一点就说,哦,(降息50个基点)这是新的节奏。你知道,你必须从基本场景的角度来考虑。当然,该发生的事总会发生。所以在基本情况下,你看到的是,看看 SEP,你会看到降息在进行。这意味着我们正在随着时间的推移将政策重新调整到更中性的水平,我们正在以我们认为适合经济发展的步伐前进。在基本场景下,经济发展的方式可能会导致我们走得更快或更慢,但这就是基本场景所说的。

  问题7: If I could follow up on the balance sheet in 2019 when you did the mid cycle adjustment, you ceased the balance sheet runoff with a larger cut. Today, is there any should there be any signal inferred about how the committee would approach end state on the balance sheet policy?

  有关2019年的资产负债表,当时您进行了中期周期调整,停止了资产负债表缩减,并进行了更大的降息。今天,是否有任何信号可以推断委员会将如何处理资产负债表政策的最终状态?

  回答7:

  So in the current situation, reserves have really been stable. They haven‘t come down. So reserves are still abundant and expected to remain so for some time. As you know, the shrinkage in our balance sheet has really come out of the overnight. RFP, so I think what that tells you is we’re not thinking about stopping runoff because of this at all. We know that these two things can happen side by side, in a sense, they‘re both a form of normalization. And so for a time, you can have the balance sheet shrink, you would also be cutting rates.

  因此,在当前情况下,银行储备金确实很稳定。它们没有下降。因此储备金仍然充足,预计还会持续一段时间。如您所知,我们的资产负债表的缩减确实是一夜之间发生的。我们根本没有考虑会停止缩表。我们知道这两件事(降息+缩表)可以同时发生,从某种意义上说,它们都是一种正常化形式。因此,在一段时间内,您可以缩减资产负债表,同时还可以降低利率。

  问题8: just following up on rising unemployment, is it your view that this is just a function of a normalizing labor market? amid improved supply, or is there anything to suggest that something more concerning, perhaps is taking place here given that other metrics of labor demand have softened. is do you not? Why should we not expect a further deterioration in labor market conditions if policy is still restricted?

  跟进失业率上升的问题,您是否认为这只是劳动力市场正常化的结果?供应增加,还是有什么迹象表明,鉴于劳动力需求的其他指标已经减弱,也许正在发生更令人担忧的事情?您不这么认为吗?如果利率政策仍然具有限制性,为什么我们不应该预期劳动力市场状况会进一步恶化?

  回答8:

  So I think what we‘re seeing is clearly labor market conditions have cooled off by any measure, as I talked about in Jackson Hole and but they’re still at a level. The level of those conditions is actually pretty close to what I would call maximum employment, you know. So you‘re close to mandate, maybe at mandate on that. So what’s driving it? Clearly, payroll job creation has moved down over the last few months, and this bears watching, meant by many other measures, the labor market has returned to or below 2019 levels, which was a very good, strong labor market, but this is more sort of 2018、2017. So the labor market bears close watching, and we‘ll be giving it that but ultimately, we think, we believe, with an appropriate recalibration of our policy that we can continue to see the economy growing and that will support the labor market in the meantime, if you look at the growth and economic activity data, retail sales data that we just got, second quarter GDP, all of this indicates an economy that is still growing at a solid pace, So that should also support the labor market over time.

  很明显,无论以何种标准衡量,劳动力市场状况都已经降温,就像我在杰克逊霍尔会议上谈到的那样,但它们仍然处于一定水平。这些条件的水平实际上非常接近我所说的充分就业。所以接近美联储的法定使命,也许已经达到法定使命了。那么是什么推动了它呢?显然,就业岗位创造在过去几个月有所下降,这值得关注,从许多其他指标来看,劳动力市场已经回到或低于 2019 年的水平,当时是一个非常好、强劲的劳动力市场,但现在更像是 2018 年、2017 年的情况。因此,劳动力市场需要密切关注,我们也会给予关注,但最终,我们相信,通过适当调整政策,我们可以继续看到经济增长,这将支持劳动力市场,与此同时,如果你看看增长和经济活动数据、我们刚刚得到的零售额数据、第二季度的GDP,所有这些都表明美国经济仍在稳步增长,因此这也应该会随着时间的推移支持劳动力市场。

  So, but again we‘re watching, and just on the point about starting to see rising layoffs. If that were to happen, wouldn’t the committee already be too late in terms of avoiding a recession?

  追问:所以,我们再次关注,并且正值裁员人数开始上升之际。如果发生这种情况,委员会在避免经济衰退方面是否已经太迟了?

  So we‘re, that’s, you know, our plan, of course, has been to begin to recalibrate, and we‘re not seeing rising claims, we’re not seeing rising layoffs, we‘re not seeing that, and we’re not hearing that from companies that that‘s something that’s getting ready to happen. So we‘re not waiting for that because, you know, there is thinking that the time to support the labor market is when it’s strong, and not when you begin to see the White House. There‘s some more on that. So that’s the situation we‘re in. We have, in fact, begun the cutting cycle now, and we’ll be watching, and that will be one of the factors that we consider. Of course, we‘re going to look at the totality of the data as we make these decisions, meeting by meeting.

  我们的计划当然是开始重新调整政策,我们没有看到失业救济申请数量上升,也没有看到裁员人数上升,也没有听到公司说这些事情即将发生。所以我们不会等待,因为,有人认为,支持劳动力市场的最佳时机是当它强劲时。关于这一点,还有更多内容。这就是我们所处的情况。事实上,我们现在已经开始了降息周期,我们会密切关注(劳动力市场降温),这将是我们考虑的因素之一。当然,在每次会议上,我们都会查看所有数据,然后做出这些决定。

  问题9:what would constitute for you and the committee a deterioration in the labor market you‘re pricing in, basically, by the end of next year, 200 basis points of cuts just to maintain a higher unemployment Rate. Would you be moving to a more preemptive monetary policy style, rather than, as you did with inflation, waiting until the data gave you a signal

  什么会对您和委员会构成“劳动力市场的恶化”?您认为,到明年底,降息200个基点只是为了维持较高的失业率。您会采取更具先发制人的货币政策风格吗?而不是像您在通胀问题上所做的那样,等到数据给您一个信号再行动。

  回答9:

  we‘re going to be watching all of the data, right? So if, as I mentioned in my remarks, if the labor market were to slow unexpectedly, then we have the ability to react to that by cutting faster. We’re also going to be looking at our other mandate. Though we have greater confidence now that inflation is moving down to 2% but at the same time, our plan is that we will be at 2% over time. So and policy we think is still restrictive, so that should still be happening.

  我们会关注所有数据,因此,如果劳动力市场意外放缓,我们有能力通过加快降息来应对。我们还将关注另一个通胀的使命。虽然我们现在更有信心通胀率正降到2%,但与此同时,我们的计划是随着时间的推移通胀率将达到 2%。因此,我们认为政策仍然具有限制性,因此应该仍会如此。

  I‘m just curious as to how sensitive you’ll be to the labor market, since you forecast we are going to see higher unemployment, and it is going to take a significant amount of monetary easing to just maintain it.

  追问:我只是好奇您对劳动力市场的敏感度如何,因为您预测我们将会看到更高的失业率,而且需要大量的货币宽松政策才能维持这种状态。

  So you know what I would say is we don‘t think we need to see further losing in labor market conditions to get inflation down to 2% but we have a dual mandate. And I think you can take this, this whole action as takes take a step back. What have we been trying to achieve? We’re trying to achieve a situation where we restore price stability without the kind of painful increase in unemployment that has come sometimes with disinflation. That‘s what we’re trying to do, and I think you can take today‘s action as a sign of our strong commitment to achieve that goal.

  我想说的是,我们认为我们不需要看到劳动力市场状况进一步恶化来把通胀率降至2%,但我们有双重使命。我认为你可以把这整个行动看作是退一步思考。我们一直在努力实现什么目标?我们正努力实现一种局面,即恢复价格稳定,而不会出现有时伴随通货紧缩而来的那种痛苦的失业率上升。这就是我们正在努力做的事情,我认为你可以把今天的行动看作是我们实现这一目标的坚定承诺的标志。

  问题10:You‘re describing this view that you don’t think you‘re behind when it comes to the job market. Can you walk us through the specific data points that you found to be most helpful in the discussions at this meeting? You mentioned a couple, but would you be able to walk us through what that dashboard told you as far as what you know about the job market now?

  您描述了这种观点,即美联储认为自己在就业市场方面并不落后。能向我们介绍一下您认为在本次会议讨论中最有帮助的具体数据点吗?您提到了几个,当前就业市场还有哪些信息去关注?

  回答10:

  Sure. So start with unemployment, which is the single most important one. Probably you‘re at 4.2% that’s, you know, I know that‘s higher than we were. We were used to seeing numbers in the mid and even below mid threes last year. But if you look back over the sweep of the years, that’s a low, that‘s a very healthy unemployment rate. And anything in the low fours is, A, really, is a good labor market. So that’s one thing. Participation is at high levels, it‘s, you know, we’ve had, we‘re right adjusted for demographics, for aging, participation, said, at pretty high levels, that’s a good thing. Wages are still a bit above what would be their wage increases. Rather, are still just a bit above where they would be over the very longer term to be consistent with 2% inflation, but they‘re very much coming down to what that sustainable level is. So we feel good about that. Vacancies over per unemployed is back to what is still a very strong level. It’s not as high as it was. That number reached two to one, two vacancies for every unemployed person as measured, it‘s now around one, but that’s still, that‘s still a very good number. I would say quits have come back down to normal levels. I mean, that could go on and on there.

  首先是失业率,这是最重要的一个因素。失业率4.2%比去年要高,过去失业率在3%的中段或更低,如果回顾这些年,你会发现这是一个很低、非常健康的失业率。任何低于4%的失业率都表明劳动力市场状况良好。这是一方面。就业参与率处于高水平,我们已经根据人口统计学、老龄化等因素进行了调整,就业参与率处于相当高的水平,这是件好事。工资仍略高于应有的工资增长水平,更确切地说,仍略高于与2%通胀率保持一致的长期工资增长水平,但它们正在逐渐降至可持续水平。所以我们对此感到满意。每名失业人员对应的空缺职位数下降,但仍是非常强劲的水平,没有以前那么高了,以前达到二比一,即每名失业者对应两个职位空缺,现在大约是一比一,这仍是一个非常好的数字。辞职率已经回落到正常水平,这种情况可能会一直持续下去。

  There are many, many employment indicators. What do they say? They say this is still a solid labor market. The question isn‘t the level. The question is that there has been change over, particularly over the last few months, and you know, so what we say is, as the upside risk to inflation have really come down, the downside risk to employment have increased , and because we have been patient and held our fire on cutting wall inflate While inflation has come down. I think we’re now in a very good position to manage the risks to both of our goals.

  就业指标有很多。它们怎么说呢?它们说这仍然是一个稳固的劳动力市场。问题不在于水平。问题在于,特别是在过去几个月里,情况发生了变化,所以我们说,随着通胀的上行风险确实下降,就业的下行风险增加了,因为我们一直保持耐心,在通胀下降的同时,控制通胀我认为我们现在处于非常有利的位置,可以管理我们两个使命各自面临的风险。

  And what do you expect to learn between now and November that will help inform the scale of the cut of the next meeting?

  追问:您期望从现在到 11 月之间了解到哪些信息,以协助确定下次会议的降息幅度?

  You know, more data. The usual. Don‘t look for anything else. We’ll see another labor report. We‘ll see another jobs report. I think we get. We actually, we could to, we get a second jobs report on the day of the meeting. I think, no, no, on the Friday before the meeting. So and inflation data we’ll get, we‘ll get all this data we’ll be watching. You know, it‘s always a question of, look at the incoming data and ask, what are the implications of that data for the evolving outlook and the balance of risks? And then go through our process and think, what’s the right thing to do? Is policy where we want it to be, to foster the achievement of our goals over time. So that‘s what it is, and that’s what we‘ll be doing.

  你知道,更多的数据。和往常一样。不要再寻找其他东西了。我们将看到两份劳动力报告,我们还将获得通胀数据,即所有这些我们将关注的数据。你知道,这总是一个问题,看看传入的数据,并问,这些数据对不断变化的前景和风险平衡有何影响?然后通过我们的流程思考,什么是正确的做法?政策是否符合我们的期望,是否有助于实现我们的目标。所以这就是我们要做的。

  问题11:we‘ve only been running a little above 100,000 jobs a month on payrolls last three months. Do you view that level of job creation as worrying or alarming, or would you be would you be content if we were to kind of stick at that level? And relatedly, one of the welcome trends over the last couple of years has been labor market steam coming out through job openings, falling rather than job losses. Do you think that trend has further to run? Or do you see risk that further labor market cooling will have to come through job losses?

  过去三个月,我们每月新增就业岗位仅略高于10万个。您认为这种就业岗位增加水平令人担忧或发出警报吗?或者,如果我们一直保持这种水平,您会感到满意吗?与此相关的是,过去几年中令人欣喜的趋势之一是劳动力市场热度通过职位空缺释放出来,而不是职位减少。您认为这种趋势会持续下去吗?或者,您是否认为劳动力市场进一步降温的风险将不得不通过职位减少来实现?

  回答11:

  So on the job creation, it depends on the inflows, right? So if you‘re having millions of people come into the labor force then, and you’re creating 100,000 jobs, you‘re going to see unemployment go up. So it really depends on what’s the trend underlying the volatility of people coming into the country. We understand there‘s been quite an influx across the borders, and that has actually been one of the things that’s allowed unemployment rate to rise as and the other thing is just the slower hiring rate, which is something we also watch carefully. So it does depend on what‘s happening on the supply side and on the curve.

  就业创造取决于人口流入就业市场,所以,如果有数百万人进入劳动力市场,而且只创造了10万个就业岗位,那么失业率就会上升。所以,这实际上取决于流入该国的人口波动背后的趋势。我们知道跨境移民流入量相当大,这实际上是导致失业率上升的原因之一,另一个因素是招聘速度放缓,这也是我们密切关注的因素。所以,这确实取决于供应方面和供需曲线的情况。

  So we all felt on the committee, not all, but I think everyone on the committee felt that job openings were so elevated that they could fall a long way before you hit the part of the curve where job openings turned into higher unemployment, job loss. And yes, I mean, I think we are. It‘s hard to know that. You can’t know these things with great precision, but certainly it appears that we‘re very close to that point, if not at it so that further declines in job openings will translate more directly into into unemployment. But it’s been, it‘s been a great ride down. I mean, we’ve seen a lot of of tightness come out of the labor market in that form without it resulting in lower employment.

  因此,我认为委员会的每个人都认为,职位空缺数量如此之高,所以可以长时间下降直到传导称更高的失业率上升。很难知道何时达到这一点。你不可能非常准确地知道这些事情,但可以肯定的是,我们非常接近那个点,甚至现在都可能就在这个点上了,那么职位空缺的进一步减少将更直接地转化为失业。但这是一个巨大的下降过程。我的意思是,我们已经看到劳动力市场以这种形式缓解了很多紧张局面,但并没有导致就业率下降。

  问题12:so we‘ve heard some speculation that you may be going with the federal funds rate to three and a half, maybe under 4% and there’s basically an entire generation that has experienced zero or near zero federal fund rate as something we‘re heading in that direction. Again. What’s the likelihood that cheap money is now the norm?

  我们听到一些猜测,称联邦基金利率可能会降至 3.5%,也许低于 4%,而基本上整整一代人都经 历过零或接近零的联邦基金利率,我们正朝着这个方向前进。廉价货币/超低利率重新成为常态的可能性有多大?

  回答12:

  So this is a question. You mean, after we get through all of this, it‘s just great question that we just we can only speculate about. Intuitively, most many, many people anyway, would say we’re probably not going back to that era where there were trillions of dollars of sovereign bonds trading at negative rates, long term bonds trading at negative rates. And it looked like the neutral rate was might even be negative. So there was people were issuing debt, issuing debt at negative rates. It seems that‘s so far away. Now, my own sense is that that we’re not going back to that, but you know, honestly, we‘re going to find out. But you know, it feels, it feels to me and that the neutral rate is is probably significantly higher than it was back then. How high is it? I just don’t think we know it‘s again, we only know it by its works.

  我们只能对此进行推测。直觉上,大多数人会说,我们可能不会回到那个时代,当地有数万亿美元的主权债券以负利率交易,长期债券以负利率交易,而且当时看起来中性利率甚至可能为负。所以有人在以负利率发行债务。这似乎距离现在已经很遥远了。我的感觉是我们不会回到那个时代,我感觉中性利率可能比当时高得多。它有多高?我也不知道,只能通过它的工作来了解它。

  One more, how do you respond to the criticism that will likely come that a deeper rate cut now before the election, has some political motivations.

  追问:还有一个问题,您如何回应可能出现的批评,即在选举前大幅降息是出于某些政治动机?

  Yeah, so, you know, this is my fourth presidential election at the at the Fed, and you know, it‘s always the same. We’re always, we‘re always going into this meeting in particular and asking, what’s the right thing to do for the people we serve. And we do that, and we make a decision as a group, and then we announce it, and it‘s that’s always what it is. It‘s never about anything else. Nothing else is discussed. And I would also point out that the things that we do really affect economic conditions for the most part with with a lag. So nonetheless, this is what we do. Our job is to support the economy on behalf of the American people, and if we get it right, this will benefit the American people significantly. So this really concentrates the mind, and it’s something we all take very, very seriously. We don‘t put up any other filters. I think if you start doing that, I don’t know where you stop. And so we just want to do that.

  这是我在美联储第四次经历美国总统大选,你知道,总是一样。我们总是问自己,对我们服务的美国人民来说,什么是正确的事情。我们这样做,我们作为一个团体做出决定,然后我们宣布它,它总是如此。它从不涉及其他任何事情。没有其他讨论。我还要指出的是,我们所做的事情确实在很大程度上影响了经济状况,而且存在滞后效果。所以尽管如此,这就是我们的工作。我们的工作是代表美国人民支持经济,如果我们做对了,这将极大地造福美国人民。所以这真的让我们集中注意力,这是我们都非常非常重视的事情。我们没有设置任何其他过滤器。否则如果你开始这样做,我不知道你会在哪里停下来。

  问题13:My first question is,very simply, what message are you trying to send American consumers, the American people with this unusually large rate cut?

  我的第一个问题很简单:通过这次不同寻常的大幅降息,您想向美国消费者、美国人民传达什么信息?

  回答13:

  I would just say that, you know, the US economy is in a good place and and our decision today is designed to keep it there. More specifically, the economy is growing at a solid pace. Inflation is coming down closer to our 2% objective over time, and the labor market is is still in solid shape. So our intention is really to maintain the strength that we currently see in the US economy, and we‘ll do that by returning rates from their high level, which has really been the purpose of which has been to get inflation under control. We’re going to move those down over time to a more normal level over time,

  我只想说,美国经济状况良好,我们今天的决定旨在保持这种状况。更具体地说,经济正在稳步增长。随着时间的推移,通胀正在下降接近我们2%的目标,劳动力市场仍然状况良好。所以我们的意图实际上是保持我们目前看到的美国经济的强劲势头,我们将通过把利率从高位拉低来实现这一目标,保持利率高位的目的是控制通胀。我们将随着时间推移将利率降至更正常的水平。

  just a follow up to that, listening to you talk about inflation moving meaningfully down to 2% is the Federal Reserve effectively declaring a decisive victory over inflation and rising prices.

  追问:听您谈论通胀率大幅下降至2%,这实际上意味着美联储在对抗通胀和物价上涨方面取得了决定性的胜利吗?

  No, we‘re not so inflation. You know what we say is we want inflation. The goal is to have inflation move down to 2% on a sustainable basis. And, you know, we’re not really, we‘re close, but we’re not really at 2% and I think we‘re going to want to see it be, you know, around 2% and close to 2% for some time, but we’re certainly not doing, we‘re not we’re not saying mission accomplished or anything like that. But I have to say, though we‘re encouraged by the progress that we have made.

  不,我们不会那么担心通胀。我们想要(一定程度的)通货膨胀。目标是让通胀率可持续地降至 2%。但我们现在没有真正达到2%,可能会在一段时间内接近2%,所以我们不会说(抗击通胀的)任务已经完成了这种话。但我必须说,我们对所取得的进展感到鼓舞

  问题14:

  我只是想知道委员会如何看待我们所看到的持续的住房通胀,您认为住房通胀率这么高,整体通胀能回到2%目标吗?

  回答14:

  Yeah, so housing inflation is the is the one piece that is kind of dragging a bit. If I can say we know that market rents are doing what we would want them to do, which is to be moving up at relatively low levels, but they‘re not rolling over that the leases that are rolling over are not coming down as much, and OER is coming in high. So, you know, it’s been slower than we expected. I think we now understand that it‘s going to take some time for those lower market rents to get into this. But, you know, the direction of travel is clear, and as long as market rents remain, you know, relatively low inflation over time that will show up just the time it’s taking now, several years, rather than just one or two cycles of of annual lease renewals. So that‘s, I think we understand that now, I don’t think the outcome is in doubt again. As long as market rents remain under control, the outcome is not as in doubt. So I would say it‘s the rest of the rest of the portfolio, of the elements that go into core, PCE, inflation or have behaved pretty well. You know, they’re all they all have some volatility. We will get down to 2% inflation, I believe, and I believe that ultimately, we‘ll get what we need to get out of the housing services piece too, some of your colleagues have experienced concern.

  是的,住房通胀是一个有点拖累的因素。不过现在市场租金正在做我们希望它们做的事情,即在相对较低的水平增长,但是续约房屋的租金并没有下降那么多,而OER却很高。所以,住房通胀降温的速度比我们预期要慢。我认为我们现在明白,那些较低的市场租金需要一段时间才能发挥作用。但是,前进的方向是明确的,只要市场租金保持相对较低的通胀,随着时间推移,拉低通胀的效果就会显现出来,这需要几年,而不仅仅是一两个年度租约续签周期。所以,我不会因此质疑通胀降温。只要市场租金保持受控,结果就不会有疑问,另外,经济数据的其他部分,包括核心PCE通胀等表现都相当不错。你知道,它们都有一定的波动性。我相信,我们的通胀率会降到 2%,我相信,最终,我们也会从住房服务部分获得所需的收益。

  It‘s hard to gain that out. The housing market is in part frozen because of lock in with low rates. People don’t want to sell their homes, so because they have a very low mortgage to be quite expensive to refinance. As rates come down, people will start to move more, and that‘s probably beginning to happen already. But remember, when that happens, you’ve got a you‘ve got a seller, but you’ve also got a new buyer, in many cases. So it‘s not, you know, obvious how much additional demand that would make me the real issue with housing is that we have had and are on track to continue to have not enough housing. And so it’s going to be challenging. It‘s hard to find to zone lots that are in places where people want to live. It’s all of the aspects of housing are more and more difficult. And you know, where are we going to get the supply? And this is not something that the Fed can can really fix, but I think as we normalize rates, you‘ll see the housing market normalize. And I mean ultimately, by getting inflation broadly down and getting those rates normalized and getting the housing housing cycle normalized, that’s the best thing we can do for householders. And then the supply question will have to be dealt with by the market and also by government.

  甚至,你知道,这种情况发生的可能性有多大?你会如何应对房地产市场?很难知道。房地产市场(的供应量)在一定程度上被之前人们锁定的低利率所冻结。人们不想卖掉他们的房子,因为他们的抵押贷款利率很低,而再融资的成本相当高。随着利率下降,人们将开始更多地搬家,这可能已经开始发生了。但请记住,当这种情况发生时,你有一个卖家,但在很多情况下,你也会有一个新买家。所以,你知道,有多少额外的需求会让我感到不明显。住房的真正问题是,我们已经拥有并将继续拥有不足的住房供应。所以这将是一个挑战很难找到人们想住的地方的分区地块。住房的所有方面都越来越困难。你知道,我们要从哪里获得供应?这不是美联储能够真正解决的问题,但我认为随着利率正常化,你会看到房地产市场正常化。我的意思是,最终,通过降低通货膨胀率、使利率正常化、使住房周期正常化,这是我们能为家庭做的最好的事情。然后,供应问题必须由市场和政府来解决。

  问题15:Just following up on some of the labor market talk earlier. You know, monetary policy operates with long and variable lags, and I‘m wondering how much you see being able to keep the unemployment rate from rate right raising too much comes from the fact that you’re starting to act now, and that‘s going to give people more room to run, versus just the labor market is strong. And then also, if I could following up on next question, do you see today’s 50 basis point move as partially a response to the fact that you didn‘t cut in July, and that sort of gets you to the same place.

  货币政策的运作具有长期和可变的滞后性,我想知道你认为能够阻止失业率上升太多的程度有多大,这要归功于你现在开始采取行动,这将给人们更多的回旋余地,而不是仅仅因为劳动力市场强劲。然后,如果我可以跟进下一个问题,你是否认为今天降息50个基点是对你在7月没有降息这一事实的回应和补偿?

  回答15:

  So you‘re right about lags, but I would just point to the overall economy. You have an economy that is growing at a at a solid pace. If you look at forecasters or talk to companies, they’ll say that they think 2025 should be a good year too. So there‘s no sense in the US economy. Basically fine, if you talk to market participants. I mean, I mean, you know, business people who are actually out there doing business. So I think, you know, I think we, I think our move is timely. I do. And as I said, you can, you can see our, our our 50 basis point move as as a commitment to make sure that we don’t fall behind. So you‘re really asking about your second question. You’re asking about July. And I guess if you, if you ask, you know, if we gotten the July report before the meeting, would we have cut we might well of we didn‘t make that decision, but you know that we might well have, I think that’s not, you know, that doesn‘t really answer the question that we ask ourselves, which is, let’s look, you know, when at this meeting, we‘re looking back to the July employment report, the August employment report, the two CPI reports, one of which came, of course, during blackout, and all the other things that I mentioned, we’re looking at all of those things and we‘re asking ourselves, what’s the right what‘s our what’s the policy stance we need to move to? We knew it‘s clear that we clearly, literally everyone on the committee agreed that it’s time to move. It‘s just how big, how fast you go, and what do you think about the pass forward? So this decision we made today had broad support on the committee, and I’ve discussed the path ahead. Elizabeth,

  你对滞后的看法是对的,但我只想指出整体经济。美国经济正在稳步增长。如果你看看预测者或与公司交谈,他们会说他们认为2025年也应该是好年头。所以美国经济基本上没问题。我认为我们的举措是及时的。你可以把我们的50个基点调整看作是一种承诺,以确保我们不会落后。如果在7月份FOMC会议前拿到当月非农数据,我们当时是否会降息呢,可能会,但是我认为这并没有真正回答我们问自己的问题,那就是,让我们看看,在这次会议上,我们回顾了7月份的就业报告、8 月份的就业报告、两份CPI报告,其中一份是在静默期内发布的,以及我提到的所有其他事情,我们正在研究所有这些事情,我们在问自己,什么是正确的,我们需要采取什么样的政策立场?我们知道,很明显,委员会中的每个人都同意是时候采取行动了。只是规模有多大,速度有多快,你对未来利率路径有什么看法?所以我们今天做出的这个决定得到了委员会的广泛支持,我已经讨论了未来的道路。

  问题16:mortgage rates have already been dropping in anticipation of this announcement. How much more should borrowers expect those rates to drop over the next year?

  按揭抵押贷款利率已经在预期降息时就下降了。预计明年这些利率还会下降多少?

  回答16:

  Very hard for me to say that‘s from our standpoint. I can, I can’t really speak the mortgage rates. I will say, you know, that will depend on on how the economy evolves. Our our intention, though, is we think that our policy was appropriately restrictive. We think that it‘s time to begin the process of recalibrating it to a level that’s more neutral, rather than restricted. We expect that process to take some time, as you can see in the projections that we released today, and as if things work out according to that forecast, other rates in the economy will come down as well. However, the rate at which those things happen will really depend on how the economy performs. We can‘t see, we can’t look a year ahead and know what the economy is to be doing.

  从我们的角度来看,我很难说。我不能真正谈论抵押贷款利率。我会说,这取决于经济如何发展。但我们的意图是,我们认为我们的政策是适当的有限制性。我们认为是时候开始将其重新调整到更中性而不是维持限制性的水平了。我们预计这个过程需要一些时间,正如你在我们今天发布的预测中所看到的,如果事情按照预测发展,经济中的其他利率也会下降。然而,这些事情发生的速度实际上取决于经济的表现。我们无法看到,我们无法展望一年后的经济情况。

  What‘s your message to households who are frustrated that home prices have still stayed so high as rates have been high? What do you say to those households?

  追问:对于那些因为利率居高不下而房价居高不下的家庭,您有什么话要说?

  Well, I can what I can say to the public is that we had the highest we had a burst of inflation.Many other countries around the world had had a similar burst of inflation. And when that happens, part of the answer is that we raise interest rates in order to cool the economy off in order to reduce inflationary pressures. It‘s not something that people experience as pleasant, but at the end, what you get is low inflation restored. Price stability, restored. And a good definition of price stability is that people in their daily decisions, they’re not thinking about inflation anymore. That‘s where everyone wants to be, is back to what’s inflation, you know, just keep it low, keep it stable. We‘re restoring that. So what we’re going through now, really, it restores it will benefit people over a long period of time. Price stability benefits everybody over a long period of time, just by virtue of the fact that they don‘t have to deal with inflation. So that’s what‘s been going on. And I think we’ve made real progress. I completely we don‘t tell people how to think about the economy, of course, and of course, people are experiencing high prices, as opposed to high inflation, and we understand that’s painful.

  我可以告诉公众的是,我们经历了最高的通货膨胀,世界上许多其他国家也经历过类似的通货膨胀。当这种情况发生时,部分解决办法是我们提高利率,以便冷却经济,从而减少通胀压力。这不是人们会感到愉快的事情,但最终,我们得到的是恢复低通胀。恢复价格稳定。价格稳定的一个好定义是,人们在日常决策中不再考虑通货膨胀。这就是每个人都希望的,即保持通胀在低位和稳定。我们正在恢复这种状态。所以我们现在正在经历的,真的,恢复这种状态将在很长一段时间内使人们受益。价格稳定在很长一段时间内使每个人都受益,因为他们不必应对通货膨胀。这就是正在发生的事情。我认为我们已经取得了真正的进步。我完全不会告诉人们应该如何看待经济,当然,人们正在经历高物价,而不是高通胀,我们理解这是痛苦的。

  问题17:I was wondering if you could go through you said just at the beginning that coming into the blackout, there was like an open thought of 25 or 50. You know, the fact that we‘re either 25 or 50, I would sort of argue that when we had those two last speeches by Governor Waller and New York President John Williams, that they were, they were sort of saying that maybe a gradual approach was going to win the day. I mean, I sort of want to ask a seven part question about this. But I mean, could you talk, would you have cut rates by 50 basis points if the market had been pricing in, like, low odds of a 50 point move, like they were last Wednesday. You know, after the CPI number came out, there’s a really small probability of a 50 point cut. Does it play playing your consideration at all.

  美联储官员刚进入公开讲话的静默期时,人们对于降息25个基点还是50个基点持开放态度。理事沃勒和纽约联储主席威廉姆斯的讲话也说渐进式降息会占上风。如果市场定价的是不太可能降息50个基点,您这次还会大幅降息吗?市场的定价押注是否影响到美联储的决策?

  回答17:

  Thank you. We‘re always going to try to do what we think is the right thing for the economy at that time. That’s what we‘ll do, and that’s what we did today.

  我们总是会尽力做我们认为对当时的经济有利的事情。这就是我们要做的,也是我们今天所做的。

  问题18:you‘ve mentioned how closely you’re watching the labor market, but you also noted that payroll numbers have been a little bit less reliable lately because of the big downward revisions. Does that put your focus overwhelmingly on the unemployment rate? And given the SEP projection of 4.4 basically being the peak in the cycle, would going above that be the kind of thing that would trigger another 50 basis point cut.

  您提到过您密切关注劳动力市场,但您也指出,由于遭遇大幅下修,最近就业人数的可靠性有所下降。这是否意味着您的注意力主要集中在失业率上?鉴于SEP预测的4.4%基本上是周期中的失业率峰值,超过这一水平是否会引发另一次50个基点的大幅降息?

  回答18:

  So we will continue to look at that broad array of labor market data, including the payroll numbers. We‘re not discarding those. I mean, we’ll certainly look at those, but we will mentally tend to adjust them based on the Q, C, E, W adjustment, which you referred to. There isn‘t a bright line, you know, it will be the light that the unemployment rate’s very important, of course, but there isn‘t a single statistic or a single bright line over which that thing that might move, that would dictate one thing or another. We’ll look at each meeting, we‘ll look at all the data on inflation, economic activity and the labor market, and we’ll make decisions about is our policy stance where it needs to be to, you know, to foster over the medium term, our mandate goals. Yeah, so I can‘t, I can’t say we, we have a bright line in mind.

  我们将继续关注广泛的劳动力市场数据,包括非农就业。我们不会放弃这些数据。我的意思是,我们肯定会关注这些数据,但我们在心理上会倾向于根据您提到的 QCEW 调整来调整它们。没有一条明确的界线,当然,失业率非常重要,但没有一个统计数据或一条明确的界线可以决定这件事或那件事。我们会在每次会议上,查看有关通货膨胀、经济活动和劳动力市场的所有数据,并决定我们的政策立场,以便在中期内促进我们的授权使命。所以我不能说我们心中有一条明确的界线。

  问题19:I know that you discussed earlier how the Fed does whatever the right thing is and nothing else factors in. But in general, can you talk about whether or not you believe a sitting US president should have a say in fed decisions on interest rates? Because that‘s something that former President Trump, who obviously points of view, has previously, suggested, and I know the Fed is designed to be independent, but why can you tell the public why you view that so important?

  我知道您之前讨论过美联储会做正确的事情,其他因素都不考虑。但总的来说,您能否谈谈您是否认为现任美国总统应该对美联储的利率决策有发言权?因为这是前总统特朗普之前提出的,他显然有自己的观点,我知道美联储的设计初衷是独立的,但您为什么能告诉公众您认为这一点如此重要呢?

  回答19:

  Sure, so countries that are democracies around the world, countries that are sort of like the United States, all have what are called independent central banks. And the reason is that that people have found, over time, that insulating the central bank from direct control by political authorities avoids making monetary policy in a way that that favors, maybe people who are in office as opposed to people who are not in office. So that that‘s, that’s the idea, is that, you know, I think the data are clear that countries that have independent central banks, they get lower inflation. And so we‘re, you know, we’re not, we do our work to serve all Americans. We‘re not serving any politician, any political figure, any cause, any issue, nothing. It’s just maximum employment and price stability on behalf of all Americans, and that‘s how the other central banks are set up to it. It’s a good institutional arrangement which has been good for the public, and I hope and strongly, strongly believe that it will. You know, continue.

  当然,像美国这样的民主国家都有所谓的独立央行。原因是,随着时间推移,人们发现,将央行与政治当局的直接控制隔离开来,可以避免制定仅仅有利于在位者的货币政策。这就是我们的想法,我认为数据清楚地表明,拥有独立央行的国家通胀率较低。所以我们的工作是为了服务所有美国人。我们不为任何政客、任何政治人物、任何事业、任何议题服务,什么都不为。我们只是为所有美国人实现最大化就业和价格稳定,其他央行就是这样建立的。这是一个对公众有利的良好制度安排,我希望并坚信它会继续下去。

  问题20:a couple regulatory developments in the past week that I want to ask you about. First last week, Vice Chair for supervision, Michael Barr outlined his views for the changes to the Basel three end game. I‘m wondering if you are in line with him on those changes should be if those have support the board in a broad way that you’re looking for, and if you think the other agencies are also fully on board with that approach

  我想问您关于过去一周的几个监管发展。首先,上周美联储负责监管的副主席Michael Barr概述了他对巴塞尔协议三监管规则变更的看法。我想知道您是否同意他的观点,是否其他机构也完全支持这种方法?

  回答20:

  So the answer to your question is that, yes, those those changes were negotiated between the agencies with my support and with my involvement, with the idea that we were going to re propose, we propose the changes that we, that Vice Chair Barr talked about, and then take comment on them. So yes, that that is, you know, that‘s happening with my support. That’s not a final proposal, though. You understand, we‘re putting them out for comment. We’re going to take comment and make appropriate changes that we don‘t have a, we don’t have a calendar date for that. And as for the other agencies, you know, the idea is that we‘re all moving together. We’re not moving separately. So that I don‘t, I don’t know exactly where that is, but the idea is that we will move as a group to put this again out for comment, and then, you know, it‘ll, it’ll come the comments will come back 60 days later, and we‘ll dive into them, and we’ll try to bring this to a conclusion sometime in the first half of next year.

  对你问题的回答是“是的”,这些变化是在我支持和参与下由各机构协商达成的,我们的想法是重新提出,我们提出巴尔副主席谈到的变化,然后征求意见。所以是的,那是在我的支持下发生的。但这不是最终提案。你知道,我们正在征求意见。我们将征求意见并做出适当的改变,但我们没有具体的日期。至于其他机构,你知道,我们的想法是我们都一起行动。我们不会分开行动。所以我不知道具体在哪里,但我们的想法是,我们将作为一个团队再次将这个问题提出来征求意见,然后,你知道,60 天后我们会收到评论,我们会深入研究它们,并尝试在明年上半年的某个时候得出结论。

  Then yesterday, there were merger reform finalizations from the other bank regulators. What does that have to do to align itself on merger?

  追问:昨天,其他银行监管机构也敲定了合并改革方案。这对合并有什么影响?

  You know, I would, I would bounce that question to Vice Chair Barr. It‘s a good question, but I don’t have that today. Thanks Jennifer for the last question.

  你知道,我会把这个问题转交给巴尔副主席。这是个好问题,但我今天没有答案。

  问题21:you said earlier that the decision today reflects with appropriate recalibration, strength in the labor market that can be maintained in the context of moderate growth, even though the policy statement says you view the risks to inflation and job growth as roughly balanced, given what you‘ve said. Though today, I’m curious, are you more worried about the job market and growth than inflation? Are they not roughly balanced?

  您之前说过,今天的决定反映了经过适当调整后,劳动力市场在温和增长的背景下仍能保持强劲,尽管政策声明中说,您认为通胀和就业增长的风险大致平衡,不过我很好奇,您是否更担心就业市场和增长而不是通胀?它们不是大致平衡的吗?

  回答21:

  No, I think, I think, and we think they are now roughly balanced. So if you go back for a long time, the risks were on inflation. We had historically tight labor market, historically tight. There was a severe labor shortage, so very, very hot labor market, and we had inflation way above target. So you know that said to us, concentrate on inflation. Concentrate on inflation. And we did for a while, and we and we kept at that, that the stance that we put in place 14 months ago was a stance that was focused on bringing down inflation. Part of bringing down inflation, though, is is cooling off the economy, and a little bit cooling off the labor market. You now have a cooler labor market, in part because of of our activity. So what that tells you is it‘s time to change our stance. So we did that. The sense of the change in the stance is that we’re recalibrating our policy over time to a stance that will be more neutral. And today was we, I think we made a good, strong start on that. I think it was the right decision, and I think it should send a signal that we, you know, that we‘re committed to coming up with a good outcome here,

  不,我认为,而且我们认为现在它们大致平衡了。所以如果你回顾很长一段时间,风险在于通货膨胀过高。我们的劳动力市场处于历史性紧张时期。劳动力严重短缺,因此劳动力市场非常非常火爆,而且通货膨胀率远高于目标。所以你知道,这告诉我们,要集中精力应对通货膨胀。我们确实这样做了一段时间,并且我们一直坚持这样做,14个月前我们制定的立场是专注于降低通货膨胀。然而,降低通货膨胀的一部分是冷却经济,以及稍微冷却劳动力市场。现在劳动力市场冷却了,部分原因是我们的活动。所以这告诉你是时候改变我们的立场了。所以我们这样做了。立场改变的意义在于,我们正在随着时间的推移重新调整我们的政策,使其立场更加中立。而今天,我认为我们在这方面取得了良好的开端。我认为这是正确的决定,我认为这应该发出一个信号,表明我们致力于达成一个好的结果。

  to a shock now that could tip it into recession?

  追问:大幅降息是否会令市场震惊并觉得经济衰退临近呢?

  I don‘t think so. I don’t there‘s as I look, well, let me look at it this way. I don’t see anything in the economy right now that suggests that the likelihood of a recession, sorry, of a downturn is elevated. I Okay I don‘t see that, you see you see growth at a solid rate. You see inflation coming down and you see a labor market that’s still at very solid levels. It‘s so, so I don’t really see that now.

  我不这么认为。目前,我没有看到任何迹象表明经济衰退的可能性增加。你看到经济增长率稳定。你看到通货膨胀率下降,你看到劳动力市场仍然处于非常稳定的水平。事实就是如此,所以我现在真的看不到这一点。

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高大山(记者 曾宛臻)09月19日,美联储宣布降息50个基点 题图北京时间9月19日凌晨2时,美联储联邦公开市场委员会(以下简称FOMC)宣布将联邦基金利率下调50个基点至4.75%~5.00%,超出市场预期,开启自2020年3月16日以来首次降息。至此,美联储的政策转向宣告完成,其全新一轮的货币宽松周期也正式开始。FOMC政策声明称,通胀虽已向2%目标取得进一步进展,但仍处于“略高”水平,就业和通胀目标面临的风险处于平衡状态。美联储利率决议公布后,美股涨幅扩大,截至发稿,纳指涨超1%,标普500指数涨0.72%,道指涨0.74%,现货黄金持续走高,向上触及2600美元/盎司关口,创历史新高。美联储降息对全球资产配置、美元流动性、美股、美债、大宗商品走势及其他国家经济都有着极其重要的影响。哪些市场或领域将迎来新的投资机会?美元、美股和美债又将如何演绎?中国经济及资本市场会否受美联储降息影响?投资者将如何“应战”?对此,《每日经济新闻》记者(以下简称每经记者)采访了国内外众多知名机构的首席经济学家、首席策略分析师和研究团队等,选取了较有代表性的六大研判,供投资者、经济研究人员和政策制定者参考。惠誉评级首席经济学家 Brian Coulton:本轮宽松周期将持续25个月降息10次,累计降250个基点19日凌晨2时,美联储联邦公开市场委员会结束为期两天的议息会议并公布利率决议,将联邦基金利率目标区间下调50个基点至4.75%~5.00%。这意味着美联储正式加入欧洲央行、英国央行等全球主要央行的队列,开启宽松周期。FOMC发布的新闻稿显示,除了理事鲍曼认为应该降息25个基点外,其他所有票委均投票支持降息50个基点。同时公布的“经济预测摘要(SEP)”和“点阵图”显示,FOMC将今年美国GDP的增长预期从 6月份的2.1%下调至2%,将年底核心PCE预期从2.8%下调至2.6%,将年底失业率预期从4.0%上调至4.4%,且预计年内还将降息50个基点。随着首次降息的落地,接下来的降息节奏也成为了市场关注的焦点。多数票委认为,今年年末的联邦基金利率将被降至4.25%~4.50%的水平,但票委们对2025年是应该降息总计100个基点还是125个基点存在分歧。惠誉评级首席经济学家Brian Coulton在发给《每日经济新闻》记者的置评邮件中称,预计美联储今年、2025年和2026年将分别降息两次、五次和三次,到2026年9月,联邦基金利率将被降至3%。这意味着在这段预计将持续25个月的宽松周期内,美联储将进行10次降息,累计降息幅度为250个基点。Coulton就此解释道:“如果排除上世纪70年代和80年代初一些非常短暂的降息周期,上世纪50年代以来美联储宽松周期中降息幅度和持续时间中值将分别为550个基点和18个月。”他同时指出,之所以预计美联储将以相对温和的步伐进行宽松,是因为其在抗通胀方面仍有工作要做。图为惠誉评级首席经济学家 Brian Coulton 资料图巴克莱研究团队:期权交易可成为对冲衰退风险有吸引力的工具近段时间以来,随着交易员为美联储的首次降息作准备,美元一直面临压力。从理论上讲,美联储降息会减少投资者购买美国国债的动力,从而削弱对美元的需求。分析历次美联储降息周期对美元走势的影响,高盛认为,货币政策协调是关键,美联储降息幅度和速度不会对美元产生明确影响,即使在美联储降息周期中,美元表现也不一定会逊于其他货币,相反,降息的协调性及宏观经济环境更加重要。巴克莱研究团队在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时指出,近期由于美国经济衰退风险使得经济不确定性上升,外汇市场波动加剧,但从历史标准来看,当前外汇波动水平仍然较低,主要货币期权的风险溢价仍然低于历史平均水平,因此期权交易可成为对冲衰退风险有吸引力的工具。就降息对美股和美债的影响,华通证券国际首席经济学家张凌博士认为,短期内要结合降息幅度来看。降息25个基点意味着预防式降息的可能性较高,降息50个基点表明美联储可能认为经济“硬着陆”的可能性较大,将带来不确定性。中国首席经济学家论坛理事长 连平:降息可能与其他一系列因素共同推升黄金价格自今年6月上旬起,在美联储降息预期持续升温之下,COMEX黄金接连发力,截至9月17日午间,COMEX黄金已从彼时的2304.2美元/盎司升至逾2600美元/盎司。而在美联储宣布降息之后,现货黄金持续走高,截至发稿向上触及2600美元/盎司关口,创历史新高。广开首席产业研究院院长兼首席经济学家、中国首席经济学家论坛理事长连平告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,美联储启动降息,短期内将对黄金市场带来冲击,可能出现较大涨幅,也可能随着降息“靴子落地”而一定程度回落。总体来看,短期可能上下波动较大。从中长期看,连平分析,本轮降息可能是相对渐进的,预计将从今年9月份持续到明年年底甚至更长时间。此次属于预防式降息,主要是避免经济出现持续下滑走向衰退,因此降息力度不会太大,预计150至200个基点之间,除非美国经济短期出现明显衰退。因此,美联储降息对黄金价格的刺激,从中期看可能是逐步推升的过程,推力相对较为温和。连平进一步分析称,实际上,未来一个时期,美联储降息很有可能与其他一系列因素共同推升黄金价格。降息后,通胀可能逐步小幅上升,因而,黄金的保值功能将再次显现。同时,在地缘政治冲突持续不断的复杂环境下,未来“黑天鹅”事件可能继续出现,促进更明显的避险需求。再者,国际货币体系也出现一系列新变动,美元信用动摇,欧元表现偏弱。去美元化背景下,人民币赢得发展机遇。不过,人民币总体尚处于国际化初期状态。在此情形下,出于储备功能考量,各国央行可能更多注重保持和增持黄金储备。综上,连平指出,从中长期看,黄金仍有进一步上涨空间。图为中国首席经济学家论坛理事长连平 资料图中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛:降息有助拓宽中国货币政策的自主空间从中美经济周期视角看,中银证券全球首席经济学家管涛在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时指出,给定其他条件不变,美联储降息有助于收敛中美经济周期和货币政策分化,缓解中国资本外流和汇率调整压力,拓宽中国货币政策的自主空间,但对此也不能期待过高。首先,在他看来,中国一直坚持货币政策“以我为主”。2022年之前,在疫情应对中,中国货币政策都是先进先出,扮演领先者而非追随者的角色。未来美联储降息并不意味着中国必然跟随降准降息,因为中国还要统筹考虑长期和短期、内部与外部均衡、稳增长和防风险。其次,启动首次降息后,市场焦点将转向美联储下次降息的时点和幅度,市场预期仍将在美国经济“软着陆”“硬着陆”和“不着陆”之间不断切换,国际金融动荡在所难免。管涛指出,美国经济不论出现何种情形,对中国经济均有利有弊,中国关键是做好自己的事情。如果美国经济不衰退,有可能美联储不会大幅降息,美元也不会趋势性走弱,这将继续对中国货币政策形成外部掣肘,但有助于稳定外需,支持中国经济平稳运行。如果美国经济陷入衰退,有可能触发美联储大幅降息,在市场避险情绪消退后,美元将趋势性走弱,这将有助于打开中国货币政策空间,缓解中国资本外流和汇率调整的外部压力,却不利于稳定外需,影响中国经济平稳运行。对于中国而言,管涛最后指出,要在情景分析、压力测试的基础上做好应对预案,有备无患。针对其他新兴市场,巴克莱研究团队在接受每经记者采访时也指出,美联储对新兴市场政策的影响已经下降。巴克莱认为,在美联储货币政策的限制解除、全球增长缓慢且全球商品通胀得到控制的情况下,新兴市场央行或会优先考虑更为宽松的政策,而非强货币。该行认为,大部分央行在通胀较低的情况下尽可能地放松政策,但保持较高的实际利率以保护其货币汇率。华通证券国际首席经济学家 张凌:新兴市场大概率将获更多国际资本流入随着美联储开启降息,汇率的变动不仅会影响国际贸易的结算成本,还可能引发资本流动的加速和外汇储备的变动。理论上讲,美联储的货币宽松周期将导致美元的利率下降,推动国际资本涌向收益更高的新兴市场。摩根大通资管在近日发表的一篇文章中称,在美联储自1988年以来的过去五个加息周期内,有四次新兴市场股票在美联储最后一次加息的两年后都取得了积极的表现,平均回报率高达29%,甚至比发达市场股票同期的回报率还高出17个百分点。“当然,更广泛的基本面背景也很重要,但美国利率在推动资金流入和流出新兴市场方面确实起着不成比例的作用。作为风险较高的资产类别,新兴市场资产往往在美联储完成加息、全球经济情绪改善、风险偏好较高时受益,”文章指出。华通证券国际首席经济学家张凌博士也对《每日经济新闻》记者指出,根据过去数十年美联储多次降息周期的长期表现而言,新兴市场在降息周期内确实普遍都有着较好的表现,可以看到过去两周内和美元以及美股关系较密切的资产价格都有着明显的提升。“但降息周期内国际资本如何流动仍取决于美国经济是否能够整体反映人们的预期,以及其基本面表现是否足够坚挺。如果降息过快,有可能会导致人们对于全球经济的担忧。目前我们仍保持谨慎乐观,就当下全球经济,特别是和美国关联度比较高的经济体的表现而言,整体资产价格处于低位,在美联储降息的情况下,新兴市场有更多的国际资本流入是大概率事件。”张凌博士对记者补充道。不过,也有研究指出,在过去的货币宽松周期中,流入许多新兴市场和发展中市场的资金被证明是有相对弹性的,这得益于其稳健的政策框架和健康的外汇储备。申银万国证券研究所首席市场专家 桂浩明:从投资角度看,美元持有者不太会立刻抛售,对国内资本市场不太会产生大的直接反应在美联储降息影响下,大类资产配置可如何策略性应对?申银万国证券研究所首席市场专家桂浩明在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时指出,权益资产方面,美联储降息有助于改善市场风险偏好,特别是在引发资金流出美国资本市场进而流向其他市场方面值得关注,不过当前A股市场持续调整,有其内在逻辑,重点并不在于中美利差相对较高。据他分析,目前来看,中美利差最终趋于消弭尚需一定时间,不能指望一次降息就从根本上改变资金流向,这是一个渐变过程。因此,对于国内风险资产而言,很难寄望此次美联储降息而出现大的转向。综合而言,桂浩明表示,美联储降息会对国内经济活动带来一定利好,但更多是基于长期运行视角。由于我们处于该效应传导的末端,短期作用不会很大。至于A股,更多是心理层面的作用。 而在低风险资产配置上,桂浩明分析,低风险投资者更加注重安全,当前,尽管国内利率相对偏低,然而投资者看重的是获得相对稳定回报。在此情形下,很难说,国内固定收益资产交易行为是以美元利率作为参照来展开的。从美元配置角度看,他认为,一两次降息,并不太会改变美元利率相对高位的水平,从投资角度而言,美元依然更具吸引力,美元持有者不太会仅因此次降息便立刻抛售。但桂浩明强调,此次美联储降息,更大的意义在于开启了美元降息通道,连续数年的美元利率上涨趋势得到实质性改变,在未来一段时期,大概率将出现美元利率逐步下行的情形,对国际经济运行的影响也将愈加显现,但这都需要一个过程。因此目前而言,此次美元降息,对国内资本市场不太会产生大的直接反应。免责声明:本文内容与数据仅供参考,不构成投资建议,使用前请核实。据此操作,风险自担。记者|蔡鼎 张寿林编辑|兰素英统筹编辑|易启江视觉|陈冠宇排版|兰素英

高大山(记者 谢秉勋)09月19日,观察者网消息,黎巴嫩寻呼机大规模爆炸事件震惊国际舆论,外界普遍认为以色列为袭击策划者。路透社9月18日援引数名消息人士的话称,在此次爆炸数个月前,以色列情报机构摩萨德就在黎巴嫩真主党订购的5000台寻呼机内安放了爆炸物,安放爆炸物的电路板很难被一般扫描设备检测到,一旦接收到指定代码,它们便被引爆了。报道称,此次事件暴露出真主党前所未有的安全漏洞,最终导致数千台寻呼机在黎巴嫩各地被引爆。事件已造成9人死亡,近3000人受伤,其中包括真主党武装人员以及伊朗驻黎巴嫩大使。几位消息人士告诉路透社,这一阴谋似乎已经酝酿了好几个月。黎巴嫩安全领域高级消息人士说,真主党订购的5000台寻呼机来自台湾地区制造商“金阿波罗”(Gold Apollo)。一些消息人士说,这批寻呼机是今年早些时候进入黎巴嫩的。9月17日,黎巴嫩贝鲁特,黎巴嫩真主党多名成员携带的寻呼机当天下午发生爆炸,并在全国范围内造成大量人员受伤 澎湃影像黎巴嫩高级安全人士确认了该寻呼机型号为AP924,这些寻呼机是真主党近几个月引进的最新型号。该款寻呼机与其他寻呼机一样,可以接收和显示短信,但不能拨打电话。“金阿波罗”方面早前回应称,涉事产品由一家名为BAC的欧洲公司生产和销售,“金阿波罗”仅向该公司提供了品牌商标授权,没有参与相关产品的设计和制造。两位熟悉真主党行动的消息人士透露,真主党武装人员一直在使用寻呼机作为一种低技术通信手段,试图以此逃避以色列定位。但黎巴嫩高级消息人士表示,以色列情报机构已经“在生产阶段”对这些设备进行了修改。“摩萨德在设备内部注入了一块装有爆炸物的电路板,该电路板可以接收代码。即使使用任何设备或扫描仪,也很难通过任何方式检测到它们。”消息人士说。消息人士称,当接收到编码信息时,有3000台寻呼机的内部炸药被引爆了。另一位安全领域消息人士说,寻呼机中藏有高达3克的爆炸物,真主党几个月来都“没有发现”它们的存在。发生爆炸的寻呼机 图源:社交媒体以色列官员没有立即回应路透社的置评请求。路透社查看的医院录像显示,爆炸导致许多真主党成员致残。受伤的男子面部有不同程度的损伤,手指缺失,臀部裂开。“我们真的受到了重创。”一名直接了解事件调查情况的黎巴嫩高级安全消息人士说。一位不愿透露姓名的真主党官员表示,自10月7日巴以冲突以来,此次爆炸是该组织遭遇的“最大安全漏洞”。前美国政府负责中东事务的国家情报官员乔纳森·帕尼科夫也形容,这可能是真主党“数十年来反间谍行动最严重的失败”。《纽约时报》18日援引伊朗革命卫队两名成员的话报道称,伊朗驻黎巴嫩大使穆杰塔巴·阿米尼在昨天发生的寻呼机爆炸事件中失去了一只眼睛,另一只眼睛严重受伤。伊朗媒体此前曾表示,阿米尼在这场袭击中“受了轻伤”。但上述两名成员对媒体表示,这位大使的伤势比最初所说的更严重,他将被送往德黑兰接受治疗。伊朗驻黎巴嫩大使馆X账号在18日的最新帖子中,称阿马尼“治疗过程进展顺利”,关于他身体和视力情况的传言都是错误的。其中一名成员还表示,包括该大使所使用的寻呼机在内,这些寻呼机在爆炸前发出了持续约10秒钟的哔哔声,导致一些受害者将寻呼机靠近双眼和面部以查看是否收到了新信息。因此,有大量人眼部严重受伤。近期以色列与黎巴嫩北部边境局势不断升级。真主党表示,他们不寻求引爆更广泛的冲突,但如果以色列执意发动战争,他们会应战。以色列国防部长加兰特16日对美国国防部长奥斯汀说,外交解决以色列与真主党冲突的窗口正在关闭。尽管如此,专家们表示,此次寻呼机爆炸并不是以色列即将发动地面进攻的迹象,但显然表明以色列情报部门对真主党的渗透之深。“这表明以色列有能力以一种非常出人意料的方式渗透其对手。”曾在美国中央情报局(CIA)工作的保罗·皮拉(Paul Pillar)说。黎巴嫩看守政府部长会议已对爆炸事件发表集体声明,谴责以色列的“侵略行径”,强调以方行为“严重侵犯了黎巴嫩主权,构成犯罪”。黎巴嫩外交部表示,黎巴嫩政府已准备针对爆炸事件向联合国安理会提交诉讼。延伸阅读黎大规模寻呼机爆炸伤者升至4000台制造商称遭"贴牌"几乎已经淡出时代和人们生活的传呼机在黎巴嫩造成了数千人伤亡,而黎巴嫩真主党将以色列视作此次传呼机大规模爆炸事件的罪魁祸首。据央视新闻9月18日报道,当地时间17日,黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特以及黎巴嫩东南部和东北部多地发生寻呼机爆炸事件。最新消息显示,黎巴嫩卫生部长菲拉斯·阿比阿德说,事件已造成4000多人受伤,11人死亡,其中约200人伤情危重。黎巴嫩真主党发表声明,认为以色列对寻呼机爆炸负有“全部责任”,并誓言要采取报复行动。此外,黎巴嫩看守政府当天也对该事件进行谴责。截至目前,以色列军方未对事件进行回应。寻呼机爆炸现场画面 视频截图爆炸的地点集中于真主党据点,死者多为真主党成员据报道,首次爆炸发生在当地时间周二(17日)下午3点45分,随后大约两千多台寻呼机在黎巴嫩多个地点被引爆,整个事件持续了约一个小时。黎巴嫩真主党发表声明称,该组织部分成员使用的寻呼机发生爆炸,有真主党成员在爆炸事件中死亡。黎巴嫩卫生部说,爆炸至今已造成至少9人死亡,包括1名女童和8名真主党成员。《纽约时报》报道,黎巴嫩和真主党官员称,这是一次明显有组织的袭击,目标是伊朗支持的真主党成员。黎巴嫩卫生部通知所有医院进入“最高警戒状态”,并要求公民丢弃传呼机。已听取简报的一些美国及其他官员指以色列对此次袭击负有责任,通过在台湾地区制造并进口到黎巴嫩的新一批传呼机中放置少量爆炸物以实施袭击。据报道,三名听取袭击简报的官员表示,此次袭击的目标是真主党特工。为尽力防止信息被拦截,这些特工多年来一直使用传呼机。安全专家说,自去年10月7日以色列和哈马斯爆发新一轮冲突后,真主党首领警告,以色列情报机构已侵入手机网络,后来真主党使用传呼机的情况就更为普遍。以通过这种技术含量较低的通信设备避免以色列追踪他们的位置。而这次发生寻呼机爆炸的地点主要集中在贝鲁特南郊、黎巴嫩南部以及贝卡谷地等地,这些都被认为是黎巴嫩真主党据点所在地。据黎巴嫩媒体报道,这些寻呼机的电池被远程引爆。不过也有安全专家对寻呼机电池爆炸能否造成如此伤亡表示质疑。据称,爆炸事件中有少数遇袭者当场死亡,但有大量受害者被炸断手、炸瞎眼和身体严重烧伤等。寻呼机被炸成碎片呼机或被植入高能爆炸物,真主党面临“最大安全漏洞”据称,爆炸的传呼机的型号是“金阿波罗AR-924”型,产地为台湾地区,这些通讯设备基本上都来自于伊朗,近日才被分发给真主党特工。而金阿波罗负责人向媒体表示,发生爆炸的这款寻呼机只是挂他们的公司产品的标识,不是他们制造的。有分析指出,这些传呼机在交给伊朗之前就已经被改装,被植入少量高能爆炸物和软件病毒,至于在哪个环节被改装,有待后续的调查,在寻呼机零部件采购、制造和成品运输过程中都可能被改造。由于之前有真主党成员因手机泄露行踪招致杀身之祸,因此对通讯工具的安全也非常重视,如果是伊朗提供,伊朗也会对寻呼机进行检查,真主党方面应该也会进行细致检查,在这种情况下还未发现存在的危险,足见实施爆炸攻击方的手段非常隐蔽。另有媒体援引匿名黎真主党官员的话报道称,爆炸事件是该组织在与以色列近一年的冲突中遭遇的“最大安全漏洞”。中东问题专家、西北大学中东研究所副教授王晋向澎湃新闻(www.thepaepr.cn)表示,这一次大范围的爆炸事件目前还很难确定一定是以色列所为,有待后续情况的进一步披露,但可以初步确定的是,这次事件是一次有组织、有策划的爆炸事件,因为短时间内发生这么多爆炸,而且遭到攻击的目标也非常特殊,说明这个寻呼机可能存在安全漏洞。在王晋看来,如果最后查明是以色列所为,那可能就意味着以色列是希望通过这次爆炸事件能够进行更大的威慑,以色列之前在加沙已经展示了对特定人员的跟踪和监视能力,而且通过通讯工具对特定人员进行定点爆炸,这是之前没有出现过,展示了以色列大规模渗透和攻击的能力。此外还通过大范围的爆炸,削弱对手的军事能力。真主党誓言进行报复,地区局势将如何演进?寻呼机爆炸事件发生后,外界的目光也聚焦在以色列政府和军队。截至目前,以色列官方暂未对事件发表评论。央视新闻报道称,据以色列多家媒体报道,以色列总理内塔尼亚胡和国防部长加兰特17日在特拉维夫举行了安全评估会议。一位不愿透露姓名的以色列政府官员告诉媒体,安全评估会议的重点是以色列对黎巴嫩爆炸可能引发的紧张局势升级或将做出反应。以色列军方高层强调做好所有领域的进攻和防御准备。现阶段,对平民的指导方针没有改变,以公民需提高警惕。对于这次大范围的寻呼机爆炸事件,黎巴嫩看守政府部长会议随后发表集体声明,“谴责以色列的侵略行径”,强调以方行为“严重侵犯了黎巴嫩主权,构成犯罪”。美国官方也第一时间进行了回应,美国国务院发言人马修·米勒在17日当天的简报会上表示,美国正在收集有关黎巴嫩寻呼机爆炸事件的相关信息,并强调美国并没有参与其中。米勒同时表示,美国没有对谁可能是寻呼机爆炸事件的幕后黑手进行评估。作为真主党的重要伙伴,在黎巴嫩多地发生寻呼机爆炸事件后,伊朗外长阿拉格希与黎巴嫩外长哈比卜通电话。阿拉格希强烈谴责以色列针对黎巴嫩公民实施的恐怖主义行径。伊朗驻黎巴嫩大使在本次爆炸事件中受伤,阿拉格希在感谢黎巴嫩政府立即对其采取救治措施的同时,还询问了大使的最新救治情况。黎巴嫩外长对伊朗愿意帮助黎巴嫩表示感谢,并强调黎巴嫩政府对这一事件采取了严肃的后续行动。真主党誓言进行报复,外界担心此次寻呼机爆炸事件将成为引爆双方大规模军事冲突甚至战争的导火索。埃及外长阿卜杜勒阿提警告称,中东地区存在地区局势升级和陷入全面地区战争的危险。他强调,黎巴嫩南部正出现危险的事态发展,由于不负责任和鲁莽的单方面行动,中东地区正处于危险的转折点,这将给地区稳定蒙上阴影。埃及外交部发言人塔米姆在当天发表的一份声明中表示,埃及重视黎巴嫩的安全与稳定,反对任何外部势力对其主权的侵犯,埃及愿意在这一危急情况下向黎巴嫩提供一切可能的支持。王晋指出,这次爆炸事件实际上显示出战争可能出现的一个新形态,如果说确实是以色列所为的话,那可能对于所有人,包括黎巴嫩真主党,包括其他国家来说,都意味着可能面临一种新的形态的战争。因为毕竟手机等通讯工具是大众日常经常使用的工具,未来,平板电脑、笔记本电脑是不是会遭到类似的这种攻击形态,值得关注。在黎巴嫩发生传呼机爆炸的前一天,以色列领导人曾警告说,正在考虑加强对真主党的军事行动。近期,以色列和真主党武装的小规模军事冲突没有停止的迹象。以色列国防军9月11日表示,以色列战斗机彻夜袭击位于黎巴嫩南部的真主党目标,摧毁了约30个火箭弹发射装置和其他基础设施。当地时间9月15日,黎巴嫩真主党向以色列北部和戈兰高地发射了大约40枚火箭弹。其中一些被拦截,其余在空旷地区爆炸,袭击没有造成人员伤亡。黎巴嫩真主党称,其用数十枚火箭弹袭击了以色列的一个军事基地,以回应以色列国防军最近在黎巴嫩的空袭。黎巴嫩发生寻呼机爆炸事件袭击使中东紧张局势进一步上升。

当地时间2024年9月17日,欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩举行新闻发布会,公布新一届欧委会成员提名名单 澎湃影像 图据新华社9月17日报道,欧盟委员会(欧委会)主席冯德莱恩当日公布新一届欧委会成员提名名单,各项提名仍需经欧洲议会审议批准。在冯德莱恩宣布提名名单前,9月16日,欧盟委员会负责内部市场的委员、法国人布雷东宣布辞职,称冯德莱恩“出于个人原因”要求撤回其候选人资格,并指责冯德莱恩“治理出现问题”。在布雷东辞职的问题上,法国总统马克龙不得不向冯德莱恩让步,放弃了相关提名,宣布即将离任的外长塞茹尔内将在新一届欧委会中担任职位。有分析认为,一系列事件表明,马克龙在法国和欧盟的地位正被削弱。冯德莱恩:新一届欧委会优先事项是“安全和竞争力”新一届欧委会将在未来5年内应对该地区的安全、竞争力和日益增长的挑战。据路透社9月17日报道,冯德莱恩表示,气候变化仍是欧盟制定政策时的一大背景。和2019年至2024年的第一个任期相比,冯德莱恩称,安全和竞争力也将成为新一届欧委会的优先事项。法国24电视台认为,随着俄乌冲突进入第三年,安全和国防在欧盟有了新的重要地位。立陶宛前总理库比柳斯被提名为欧委会首位国防事务专员、爱沙尼亚前总理卡拉斯将出任负责外交等事务的执行副主席。英国广播公司(BBC)9月17日报道称,新一届欧委会成员名单,是经过数周的讨论之后公布的,来自各个政治派别的候选人都获得了职位。比如,西班牙的社会党人里韦拉将领导绿色转型、意大利极右翼政党兄弟党成员菲托将担任欧盟委员会副主席兼凝聚与改革专员等。按照欧盟规定,每个成员国都应提名一位欧盟委员会委员人选,人选须获得欧洲议会批准。法国24电视台称,目前来看,预计下一届欧盟委员会领导团队的成立可能会被推迟到原定的11月初之后。BBC称,尽管欧委会委员的职责范围应该独立于本国,但情况往往并非如此,成员国会为其候选人争夺重要职位。路透社称,欧盟最大的两个国家德国和法国获得了关键岗位。冯德莱恩是德国人、即将离任的法国外长塞茹尔内将负责欧盟的产业战略。马克龙提名的欧盟委员突然辞职法国最初并没有提名塞茹尔内出任欧盟委员,而是提名了欧委会负责内部市场的委员布雷东。布雷东于2019年起就在欧委会担任该职务。法国总统马克龙 资料图据路透社报道,布雷东9月16日突然辞职,并对冯德莱恩发表了“强硬言论”。法新社9月17日报道表示,布雷东16日在个人社交平台“X”(原推特)上公布了一封致冯德莱恩的信件,称在关于新一届欧委会组成谈判的最后阶段,冯德莱恩要求法国撤回其名字。在辞职信中,布雷东认为,冯德莱恩是“出于个人原因”阻止了他的候选资格,并称作为政治交换,冯德莱恩向法国许诺了更有影响力的欧委会职位。“最新的事态发展,证明了你(冯德莱恩)有问题的治理,我不得不得出结论,不能继续在欧委会履行我的指责。” 布雷东补充称。法新社进一步表示,在冯德莱恩第一个任期内,布雷东曾多次与她发生冲突,对她的厌恶“已不是什么秘密”。路透社报道称,有接近马克龙的消息人士表示,直到上周,人们仍然认为布雷东会被任命。马克龙在今年6月公开确认了布雷东的提名,也在今年6月的欧洲议会选举中支持冯德莱恩连任,以换取法国能在欧委会中获得重要职位。有外交消息人士向路透社表示,直到冯德莱恩8月19日休夏结束回到布鲁塞尔后,她才告知马克龙,除非放弃布雷东,否则她不会给法国想要的重要欧委会职位。路透社认为,在布雷东的问题上让步,标志着马克龙失去了其影响力。在2019年冯德莱恩首度出任欧委会主席的过程中,马克龙曾发挥重要作用,并塑造了当时的欧盟议程。与马克龙关系密切的人表示,他完全信任布雷东,但他首先考虑的是让法国获得一个重要的欧委会职位,委员身份排在第二。美国政治新闻网站Politico分析称,有法国官员认为,布雷东已成为欧盟内部冯德莱恩的主要批评者,在某种程度上,马克龙可能觉得他必须屈服。有了解布雷东离职的消息人士表示,“冯德莱恩确信,马克龙正处于巨大的困难之中。”Politico认为,近日众多事情的叠加,可以看出在法国国内和欧洲层面,马克龙的地位都被削弱。在今年6月的欧洲议会选举中,极右翼政党国民联盟获得31.7%的选票,在法国政党中得票率居第一;执政党复兴党获得14.9%的选票,位居第二。马克龙由此解散法国国民议会,并举行议会选举。据央视新闻介绍,结果表明,左翼联盟“新人民阵线”获得182个国民议会议员席位,是法国议会中席位最多的政党联盟。延伸阅读欧委会一委员突然辞职 扔出对冯德莱恩的"爆炸性指控"就在欧盟委员会(欧委会)主席冯德莱恩预计就新一届委员会名单发表演讲前一天,当地时间周一(9月16日),已获提名连任欧委会内部市场委员的法国人蒂埃里·布雷东突然宣布辞职,并公开指责冯德莱恩“治理成问题”。布雷东当天在社交媒体X(原推特)上公布了一封他给冯德莱恩的信件。信中称,几天前,在新一届欧委会组成谈判的最后阶段,冯德莱恩“出于个人原因”向法国施压,要求法国撤回布雷东的候选人资格;作为“政治交换”,她许诺向法国提供更有影响力的委员会职位。“鉴于这些最新的事态发展——这进一步证明(欧委会)治理存在问题——我不得不得出结论,我不能再履行我在委员会的职责。”布雷东写道,“因此,我将辞去我的欧盟委员一职,立即生效。”布雷东辞职一事为冯德莱恩第二任期增添了挑战,另一方面也凸显在国内政局可能发生动荡的背景下,法国总统马克龙在欧盟的声望或许已日渐式微。布雷东公布的信件 布雷东X账号“爆炸性”指控布雷东现年69岁,自2019年起担任欧盟委员,是法国推荐的新一届欧委会委员候选人。欧洲新闻台称,布雷东此次连任原本被预计将获得一个重要职位,有传言称他有望担任执行副主席,掌管委员会的首要政策领域。“政客”新闻网欧洲版16日评价,布雷东此举是6月欧洲议会选举后权力交接过程中的一个“爆炸性转折”。路透社也认为,对于“高度政治化”的欧委会席位提名过程而言,这一进展“出乎意料”。冯德莱恩(左一)和布雷东(右一) 法国电视一台网站欧委会通常有27人,由每个成员国1名代表组成。根据欧委会委员任命流程,欧盟各成员国首先要与欧委会主席协商一致,提出代表本国的人选。欧委会主席必须从成员国提交的候选人中选定委员,并确定委员的具体分管领域。不过,各个职责领域的影响力有所不同。法新社指出,27名委员职责的具体分配将发出强烈信号,表明欧盟的政治方向和每个成员国的相对影响力。布雷东提出这些“爆炸性”指控,距离冯德莱恩预计17日宣布下届委员会名单的讲话时间不到24小时。据欧洲新闻台16日报道,欧委会发言人拒绝就布雷东的指控发表评论,只说冯德莱恩与成员国领导人就委员人选的互动基于“信任和保密”。“主席注意到并接受了布雷东的辞职,并感谢他在任期内作为委员所做的工作。”据发言人说,冯德莱恩已于16日早上收到布雷东的辞职信,但无法确定她是否提前被告知布雷东会发帖公开此事。当被问及冯德莱恩17日在法国斯特拉斯堡是否仍将按期公布她的领导班子时,这名欧委会发言人表示,冯德莱恩仍希望能够在17日介绍新委员会组成的细节,“24小时在政治上是一段很长的时间”。“早物色好新人选”?布雷东公开宣布辞职数小时后,马克龙办公室表示,法国将提议外交部长斯特凡纳·塞茹尔内出任欧委会委员。法国外交部长塞茹尔内,资料图 图源:外媒声明称,马克龙一直寻求为法国获得一个重要的欧委会职位,而塞茹尔内“符合所有必要条件”。欧洲新闻台说,同为欧洲议会内部光谱的自由派,塞茹尔内拥有丰富的欧盟政策制定经验,但没布雷东那么高调。39岁的塞茹尔内自十年前在法国财政部为马克龙工作以来,就一直是其亲密盟友。彭博社称,塞茹尔内作为马克龙当时新成立的政党左翼分支的代表,在后者2017年的首次总统竞选中发挥了关键作用。2019年当选欧洲议会议员后,塞茹尔内迅速成为马克龙在布鲁塞尔的得力助手,在欧盟政坛中扮演重要角色。2022年9月,他出任执政党复兴党总书记,今年1月又被任命为外交部长,成为法兰西第五共和国历史上最年轻的外长。作为欧盟第二大成员国,法国明确表示希望在下一届欧委会委员名单中获得一个关键职位。马克龙办公室16日的声明称,希望法国提名的委员分管领域能“重点关注工业、技术主权和欧洲竞争力问题”。据一名来自复兴党的法国高级官员说,法国对布雷东第二任期可能被分到的职责领域并不满意。按照两名知情人士对《金融时报》的说法,用塞茹尔内取代布雷东是马克龙和冯德莱恩私下讨论时提前商量好的,是法国在下一届欧委会阵容中获得“最佳角色”的一种手段。路透社也援引消息人士称,马克龙已通过谈判为法国提名的人选确定了一个“强化”的执行副主席职位,负责监督内部市场和工业相关工作。

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正义网记者9月18日从最高人民检察院获悉, 日前,广东省中山市委原副书记、市政府原市长危伟汉(正厅级)涉嫌受贿罪一案,经广东省人民检察院指定管辖,由茂名市人民检察院依法向茂名市中级人民法院提起公诉。 案件正在进一步办理中。检察机关在审查起诉阶段,依法告知了被告人危伟汉享有的诉讼权利,并依法讯问了被告人,听取了辩护人的意见。 茂名市人民检察院起诉指控: 被告人危伟汉利用担任广东省广州市海珠区副区长,广州市黄埔区委常委、副区长,广州市城市管理委员会主任,广州市荔湾区委书记,中山市市长等职务上的便利,为有关单位和个人在项目推进、用地审批等方面谋取利益,非法收受他人财物,数额特别巨大,依法应当以受贿罪追究其刑事责任。中山市原市长危伟汉 资料图长期在广东工作曾任中山市市长公开资料显示,危伟汉,汉族,1965年7月出生,广东广州人,广东省委党校研究生学历,硕士学位,1983年6月参加工作。他早期在广州市工作,曾任广州市海珠区副区长,黄埔区委常委、副区长,广州市政府副秘书长,广州市城市管理委员会党组书记、主任,广州市荔湾区委书记等职。2018年至2021年,危伟汉任中山市委副书记、市长,2021年调任广东省退役军人事务厅党组书记、副厅长。曾因水污染防治失职被诫勉正义网记者注意到,2023年2月18日,广东省通报第二轮中央生态环境保护督察移交问题追责问责情况, 其中包括“中山市水污染防治失职失责问题”。通报提到,经查,中山市落实上级治水决策部署不力,推进中央生态环保督察问题整改不到位。截至2021年8月,全市污水收集管网缺口达1575公里,大量污水未收集处理直排入河,内河涌污染严重。因上述问题,给予责令时任中山市委书记赖泽华作出书面检查; 时任中山市委副书记、市长危伟汉, 时任中山市住房和城乡建设局党组成员、副局长邓锦平 诫勉处理。中山市委原书记赖泽华前任及搭班市委书记均落马正义网记者注意到,危伟汉在被查之前,其前任及搭班市委书记均落马。2022年11月,广东省阳江市委原书记焦兰生因涉嫌严重违纪违法被查,他曾担任中山市市长,其继任者正是危伟汉。此外,与时任中山市市长危伟汉搭过班子的、中山市委原书记赖泽华也已落马。据中央纪委国家监委网站2023年9月8日消息,广东省人大常委会机关原一级巡视员赖泽华被开除党籍和公职。2023年11月17日, 赖泽华涉嫌受贿罪被公诉, 检察机关指控其利用中山市委书记等职务上的便利及职权、地位形成的便利条件,为他人在项目承揽、工作调动、职务提拔等方面提供帮助,非法收受他人财物,数额特别巨大。据中央纪委国家监委网站2024年4月19日消息,危伟汉涉嫌严重违纪违法,接受广东省纪委监委纪律审查和监察调查。焦兰生曾担任中山市市长通过民间借贷获取大额回报为他人在用地审批等方面谋利据中央纪委国家监委网站2024年8月14日消息,广东省中山市委原副书记、市政府原市长危伟汉被开除党籍和公职。通报称,危伟汉丧失理想信念,背弃初心使命,对党不忠诚不老实,对抗组织审查;无视中央八项规定精神,违规赠送礼金;违反组织原则,在组织谈话时不如实说明问题;廉洁底线失守, 通过民间借贷获取大额回报; 将公权力当作攫取私利的工具,大搞权钱交易, 利用职务上的便利为他人在项目推进、用地审批等方面谋利, 并非法收受巨额财物。危伟汉严重违反党的政治纪律、组织纪律和廉洁纪律,构成严重职务违法并涉嫌受贿犯罪,且在党的十八大后不收敛、不收手,性质严重,影响恶劣,应予严肃处理。依据《中国共产党纪律处分条例》《中华人民共和国监察法》《中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法》等有关规定,经广东省纪委常委会会议研究并报广东省委批准,决定给予危伟汉开除党籍处分;由广东省监委给予其开除公职处分;收缴其违纪违法所得;将其涉嫌犯罪问题移送检察机关依法审查起诉,所涉财物一并移送。【来源:检察日报正义网】
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